Hepatitis B Surface Antigen In Human Immuno Deficiency Virus Positive Patients In Bida, North Central Nigeria.
O Omosigho, S Mohammed, H Inyinbor, G Emumwen, S Ogedengbe, I Okorie, J Njab, A Dangana, O Oladejo, E Emumwen
Keywords
co-infection, hbv, hiv, nigeria.
Citation
O Omosigho, S Mohammed, H Inyinbor, G Emumwen, S Ogedengbe, I Okorie, J Njab, A Dangana, O Oladejo, E Emumwen. Hepatitis B Surface Antigen In Human Immuno Deficiency Virus Positive Patients In Bida, North Central Nigeria.. The Internet Journal of Gastroenterology. 2010 Volume 10 Number 2.
Abstract
A prospective cross-sectional and analytical study was carried out to establish the prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen in HIV infected population in Bida –North Central Nigeria.A total of 250 HIV seropositive patients comprising of 118 (47.2%) males and 132 (52.8%) females paticipated in this study.The age range of participants was 18 - 65 years. Rapid Chromatogenic Enzyme Immuno Assay (EIA) kit was used for the detection of Hepatitis B surface antigen in the serum samples. Our result shows that thirty three (13.2%) of the patients are Hepatitis B surface antigen seropositive. Co-infection of hepatitis were more in female 23(17.6%) than male 10(8.4%) subjects. Statistical analysis showed significant difference (p<.05). Age group interval of 21-30 years had the highest prevalence of Hepatitis B surface antigen seropositivity. 18(36.5%) followed by age group interval of 31-40 years 7(18.9%), 41-50 years interval 4( 20.7%) and <20 years interval 3 (13.3%). No significant difference was observed in association between age and prevalence of Hepatitis B surface antigen (p>0.05). Routine screening of patients with HIV infection for Hepatitis B surface should be encouraged for early diagnosis.The high prevalence is a reflection of the endemicity of hepatitis B viral infection in Bida, North central Nigeria.HBV, Co-infection, HIV,Nigeria.
Introduction
Human immuno deficency virus (HIV) and Hepatitis B viruses (HBV and HCV) are the three most comon chronic viral infection documented worldwide (Soriano
The viruses have similar route of transmission, namely through blood and blood products, sharing of needles to inject drugs and sexual activity, making co-infection with these viruses a common event (McNair
This study was therefore designed to estimate the prevalence of HBV seropositivity in patients living with HIV/AIDS in Bida –Niger State, North Central Nigeria.
Materials And Methods
A prospective Cross sectional and analytical study was carried out at the Federal Medical Centre Bida. Only confirmed HIV positive serum samples were included in this study.Two hundred and fifty (250) samples were recalled randomly from a pool of confirmed HIV positive samples Stored at -24ºC until analysis. The samples were collected between January 2009-July 2010 from HIV seropositive patients who attended HAART clinic for follow –up and other health needs. Rapid chromatogenic Ezyme Immuno Assay (EIA) kits was used for the detection of Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in the serum following the manufacturers instruction (Acumen Diagnostics Inc.USA. ) Hapatitis B positive samples were confirmed with a second serum based EIA rapid test (PMC Medical Pvt. Ltd India.). The EIA rapid test kit used had sensitivity of 99% and 99.0% specificity respectively and a positive predictive value of 99.9%.
. Data were captured and analyzed on Epi info version 3.5.1 August 13th, 2008 at P=0.05.
Results
Table 1 shows the age and sex related distribution of study participants. Of the 250 participants, 118 (47.2%) were males and 132 (52.8%) females. The age interval most represented was 21 -30 years with 100 (40%) participants, followed by the interval of 31 – 40 years with 73 (29.2%) participants, then the interval of 41 – 50 years with 38 (15.2%). The interval of less than 20 years had 28 (11.2%) participants, while 9 (3.6%) participants were found in the interval of 51 – 60 years. Only 2 (0.8%) were seen to be above 60 years.
Table 2 shows that 33 (13.2%) was positive for Hepatitis B Surface antigen.The prevalence of Hepatitis B surface antigen was higher among the females 23(17.6%) than males 10(8.4%).Statistical analysis showed significant difference (p>0.05)
Age related prevalence of Hepatitis B surface antigen in HIV infected patients was assessed and results showed that subjects of age group 21-30 years had the highest prevalence 18(36.5%).This was followed by age group 31-40years 7(18.9%) , 41-50years 4(20.7%) and <20years 3(13.3%) respectively. No significant difference was observed in association between age and prevalence of Hepatitis B Surface antigen (p<0.05) (Table 3)
Discussion
The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of HIV and HBV co-infections in the study population with the understanding that Chronic viral hepatitis is a leading cause of liver related death among patients with HIV/AIDS worldwide (Seeley
The HIV/HBV co-infection rate in this study was found to be lower than the 25.9% reported by Uneke