How do you treat Carbon Monoxide poisoning in pregnancy ?

How do you differentiate myoglobinuria from blood in the urine ?

How do you treat myoglobinuria ?

What is Conn's Syndrome ?

How does mannitol work ?

What two interleukins are produced by macrophages and monocytes ?

What are the two types of granules in platelets ?

How fast do you correct severe hyponatremia ?

What are the four classes of shock ?

How do you treat a Curling's Ulcer ?

Which class of shock do you begin to see a decrease in urine output ?

How do you estimate the size of an endotracheal tube in a child ?

What is SCIWORA ?

What are the features in Beck's Triad ?

How can you differentiate between tamponade and tension pneumothorax ?

How much hemoglobin do you need to look cyanotic ?

Where does the Internal Mammary Artery originate ?

What is the narrowest point in a child's airway ?

What is the first anch off of the subclavian artery ?

What metabolic disturbance may you see with Sulfamylon (and how does it work ?)

How do you treat “left-sided portal HTN” ?

What is the incubation period for Clostridium tetani ?

In massive UGI bleeding, why is somatostatin safer to use compared to vasopressin ?

How do you treat an amebic liver abscess ?

How do you treat a Hydatid Cyst ?

What is phlegmasia cerulea dolens ?

What is the most common complication of stress gastritis ?

How do you treat a mutinodular goiter ?

What is the anatomical definition of “upper GI bleeding” ?

What is the false negative rate for a thyroid FNA ?

What is the best diagnostic test for a suspected colovesical fistula ?

What is a Type III Gastric Ulcer ?

How do you calculate BMI ?

How do you treat Hashimoto's Thyroidistis ?

What is the Child's Classification ?

How do you treat a recurrent Phyllodes Tumor ?

What is a Chance Fracture ?

What are the risks for esophageal cancer ?

What must you consider in a patient with hypertension and a thyroid nodule ?

How do you treat a thyroid storm ?

How do you treat Malignant Hyperthermia ?

With a positive family history for malignant hyperthermia, how do you diagnose it in your patient ?

How do you treat the Fat Emboli Syndrome ?

What is ecthyma gangrenosum ?

How do you treat a duodenal hematoma ?

Why do you place a patient right-side up with air-embolism ?

What is the treatment of Von Willeand's disease ?

How much CSF is produced in one day ?

How do you treat DCIS ?

How do you treat LCIS ?

Place on 100 % Oxygen and wait four-times longer than you would in a non-pregnant female – i.e. at least 4 hours (fetal Hb has a four-times higher affinity to carbon monoxide than adult Hb).

Both will be positive for blood on dipstick, but myoglobinuria will not have RBC's under the scope

Treatment of Myoglobinuria: fluid, fluid, fluid, and –a- Mannitol (25 – 50 g q 6 hrs)b- Bicarb Alkalinization (1 – 2 amps per liter of IVF)b -Fasciotomy, if indicated (the pt must be closely observed)

Conn's Syndrome: Primary Hyperaldosteronism**

Two major effects of mannitol: a direct osmotic diuretic, and a free radical scavenger*

IL-1 and IL-6

Dense (energy proteins) and Alpha (procoagulants)

1 mEq/hr, not to exceed 25 mEq's in 48 hour period; rare to use 3 % NaCl

Class I – IV

Curling's: stress ulcer associated with large-suface area burns**

Class III

ET Tube: ( Age / 4 ) + 4

Spinal Cord Injury Without Radiographic Abnormality* always assume a c-spine injury !

JVD, Muffled Heart Tones, Hypotension

Tension PTX vs. Tamponade

You need at least 5 g of Hb to look cyanotic

Subclavian artery

Cricoid cartilage

The first anch off of the subclavian is the verteal artery

Metabolic Acidosis secondary to carbonic anhydrase inhibition

Left-sided portal hypertension is due to splenic vein thrombosis (from pancreatitis, pancreatic cancer, retroperitoneal fiosis...). The pt will present with a major gastric variceal bleed (not esophageal). The treatment is splenectomy, not TIPS.

7 – 10 days

Vasopressin can cause coronary vasoconstriction

IV Flagyl for 3 weeks, and then, if necessary, percutaneous drainage

Echinococcal Cyst: Surgical treatment is effective in most cases. Be careful NOT to rupture the cyst because of the risk of implantation and anaphylaxis. Usually, attempts at aspiration and/or injection (i.e. hypertonic saline) are not very effective. Formalin and phenol have been injected in the past but this should be of historical interest only (because of the risk of damaging bile ducts if a direct communication exists). The best way is to shell-out the cyst with a “rim” of hepatic tissue or by staying between the layers of endocyst and ectocyst. At times, hepatic lobectomy will be required. Albendazole is recommended afterwards to prevent recurrence.

Phlegmasia cerulean dolens: the most severe form of ileofemoral thrombosis. It is a severe obstruction of the venous outflow leading to arterial insuffiency, cyanosis, and eventual gangrene.

Bleeding; stress gastritis usually does not lead to perforation.

Subtotal thyroidectomy

Bleeding which occurs proximal to the ligament of Treitz

False Negative Rate of Thyroid FNA: Less than 6 %

CT Scan

Type III Gastric Ulcer: a pre-pyloric ulcer

BMI = weight (kg) / height (m)2

Treatment of Hashimoto's Thyroiditis: an autoimmune disease treated by suppressive doses of thyroid hormone (once the diagnosis has been established)

Child-Pugh Classification of functional status: $image_path/quick7-tbl1.jpg

Re-excison to negative margins; axillary dissection, chemotherapy, and radiation are all unnecessary.

Chance Fx: a lumbar fracture associated with seat-belt injuries; strongly consider the presence of an associated small bowel injury

Risks of Esophageal Cancer: $image_path/quick7-tbl2.jpg

Pheochromocytoma

B-blocker (Inderal) and PTU

Dantrolene

Perform a muscle biopsy under local anesthesia; histology will be characteristic.

Treatment is supportive (oxygenation, ventilation, fluid support)

A green blister filled with Pseudomonas organisms

Observation with NGT decompression, NPO, and TPN for 2 weeks – far majority will resolve. If seen during an exploration for other reasons, then open evacuation

To keep the air in the right ventricle - you are trying to keep air from “locking” in the PA

Cryoprecipitate

About 500 cc's / day

WLE + Post-op Radiation

Close follow-up and observation; pt is at higher risk of developing invasive ductal cancer