Antibiotic Resistance Pattern Of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Isolated From Clinical Specimens In A Tertiary Hospital In Northeastern Nigeria
O KO, A PC, O W, B ST, U A
Keywords
antibiotic resistance pattern, p. aeruginosa, tertiary hospital
Citation
O KO, A PC, O W, B ST, U A. Antibiotic Resistance Pattern Of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Isolated From Clinical Specimens In A Tertiary Hospital In Northeastern Nigeria. The Internet Journal of Microbiology. 2009 Volume 8 Number 2.
Abstract
A total of 106 greenish, pigmented consecutive non-duplicate
Introduction
Epidemiologically, it is ranked as the fourth cause of nosocomial infections that accounts for 10% of all nosocomial infection in the United States. Overall prevalence in US hospital was approximately 4 per 1000 discharge and leading cause of high morbidity and mortality.6 In studies conducted in Nigeria, it is one of the leading gram-negative bacteria isolated from clinical specimens in hospital-based studies7-12
Antibiotic resistance pattern of
Materials and Methods
The study was conducted in the Medical Microbiology Laboratory of the University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital between Febuary and October 2009. It is a major referral centre for other tertiary hospital in the northeastern Nigeria, a 500-bed capacity with sub-specialties in Internal Medicine, Surgery, Paediatric, Obsterics and Gyneacology and Pathology. Approximately 23,000 clinical specimens are rcevied in medical microbiology laboratory per year.
Over the study period, 106 greenish pigmented, non-duplicate consecutive
Antibiotic susceptibility testing was determined by disc diffusion method using Mueller-Hinton agar plates.15 Bacterial suspension was prepared in Andrase peptones water to give concentration an equivalent of 0.5McFarlane standards. The bacterial suspension were inoculated on the Mueller-Hinton agar plate by swabbing to give a smooth lawn, and antibiotic discs were placed on it, incubated at 37oC overnight. The following antibiotic discs were tested , cefuroxime(30ug), ciprofloxacin(10ug), cotrimoxazole(30ug), erythromycin(15ug), ofloxacin(10ug), ceftriazone(30ug), amoxicillin (30ug), gentamycin (10ug), chloramphenicol (30ug), amoxicillin/clavunate (30ug) sparfloxacin (10ug), perfloxacin (30ug) and streptomycin (30ug).The zone of inhibition diameter was measured using calibrated ruler and interpreted as susceptible, intermediate or resistant in accordance to CSLI guidelines. Multidrug resistance is defined as isolates resistance to more than three classes of drugs.
Data Analysis
Data analysis was carried using SPSS version 15.016, with values expressed in means and percentage. Statistical significance difference was determined by chi-square test (p<0.05).
Results
A total of 5000 bacterial pathogens were isolated over the nine month study period,
The antibiotic susceptibility pattern of
Discussion
In this study, the prevalence of
The unique feature of
Aminoglycosides, especially gentamicin and streptomycin are known frontline antibiotics in the treatment of bacterial infection due to gram-negative bacteria. However, emerging reports showed increased prevalence of resistance o these drugs. In the study, resistance value of 100% and 71.7% was observed which higher than values reported in study conducted in Ilorin, with resistance value of 40.2% and 36.0%12 and in Lagos, 75% and 30%.27 Difference in the resistance pattern may be attributable to factors like exposure to antibiotics, studied population, type of clinical specimen examined. Cephalosporins, are known anti-pseudomonal drugs, especially the third-genetration ceftadizime, that has demonstrated high susceptibility pattern with
Most disturbing pattern observed in this study was the multidrug resistance exhibited by most of the isolates. Although, similar pattern had been reported in studied conducted in Zaria11, in Jamacia29, in Italy30, Saudi Arabia31 and Brazil32. In conclusion, the multidrug resistance by